The dichotomy of good and evil in heathenry

A few days ago, on the Asatru UK facebook group, someone took issue with the focus of the next great heathen gathering being the goddess Hel. They seemed very offended by this and accused the group of being "Rokkatru" for paying homage to the ruler of the underworld. Rokkatru are heathens whose primary focus are the beings associated with "darkness" or the underworld. Some of these might be considered antagonists in the story of Ragnarok. Such beings are Hel, Jormungandr, Fenris, Surt and the often maligned Loki.

The complainant seemed to be saying that, in heathenry there are "good" beings to worship and "bad" beings that should be shunned for some reason. This conveniently ignores the fact that many of the "good" gods are less than perfect. Thor certainly has anger management issues and has been known to break frith at a whim. Odin is very far from a good guy, betraying his followers and acting in a very rapey manner in more than one instance.

I think this desire to categorise characters and beings from the mythology as either "good" or "bad" is a hangover from christianity. In christian doctrine, everything is divided between "that which is of god" and "that which is not of god". Further, everything to do with god is good and everything that isn't to do with god is bad. To polarise this yet more there is no neutral or null position. If you aren't on god's side, worshipping god (in the correct manner) then you are "not of god" and thereby evil. There is little to distinguish a satanist from an atheist - they will both suffer in perdition.

Heathenry isn't like that. While there is a "battle" between gods and giants, it isn't as simple as polar opposite ideologies fighting for dominance. Many beings that we think of as gods and goddesses have Jotun parentage - Odin, Thor and Loki being notable examples. No-one would question anyone's right to worship Skadi, yet she is fully Jotun. So it is not as simple as the Aesir and Vanir being 100% good and Jotuns being 100% evil. Clearly these two cultures have interacted peacefully at times. Indeed, it seems that as Christianity took sway, Jotuns were demonised to better fit the church's narrative.

Similar demonisation may have occurred with Loki. Always a bone of contention with some heathens, a fact I'm sure that he appreciates, Loki is often viewed as "the heathen devil" or similar. He's a bad guy, surely? He fights on the "wrong side" at Ragnarok, so he must be a wrong'un. But Loki would never allow himself to be so easily labelled. Rather than "the heathen devil" or the rather reductionist term "trickster god", I think he works better as an antagonist or agent of change. It is difficult to grow or improve without some kind of challenge or hardship to overcome. Loki embodies that and more - he will shake up your life to force you to see the world in a different, more useful light.

Loki is blood-brother of Odin. Odin isn't anyone else's blood brother, so there must have been something particular that ol' One Eye saw in the son of Laufey that, at the very least, was useful to him. After all, without Loki, Odin would not have Sleipnir. In Loki's travels with Thor, we also see how useful his moral ambiguity and transgressive nature can be - Thor certainly wouldn't have Mjolnir without Loki's willingness to dress himself (and Thor) as member of the opposite sex.

There is no pure good and evil in heathenry. Everything is nuance and shades of grey. Just because Odin does it, doesn't make it good. Just because something comes from a Jotun, doesn't make it bad. This appreciation of the darkness in light and the lightness in dark is key to the full and proper appreciation of the heathen path.

Heathenry: Musings

I've spent some time over the past week or so thinking about heathery.  More specifically,  what does it mean to be heathen?

What is it that defines a person as heathen.  If I am said to be heathen, what does that say about me?

Judging by what can be found on the Internet, these questions are easy to answer.  Often certain traits of people from the viking age are cited as being valued by the modern heathen.

Honesty, self reliance, honour, courage and fortitude are among the usual suspects.  The problem is that none of these traits appear to be in evidence for the vast majority of contemporary heathens that have chosen to give themselves a voice online.

The solution?  Perhaps just evidencing any of those traits in my day to day life.

Be the heathen that heathens claim to be...

Self reliance

Inspired by Vikings and/or the heathen worldview, I am trying to make positive changes in my life. Essentially trying to improve myself and my situation in ways that Vikings or heathens would approve of (as perceived in my version of Norse neopaganism).

First of these changes is to become more self reliant. One way I am doing this is to turn over a section of the garden of our new house to vegetables. I say new house, but we have been moved in since the start of February.

Additionally, I intend to begin repairing and reusing items, rather than throwing them away. That said, we won't let our place fill with clutter, but similarly we will try to be reducing the influence of our disposable culture, too.

Any other ways we could improve our self reliance? Especially interested in hearing if it can save us money, too.... ;)

Heroism

"In Viking times, not only did a man fight with courage, travel with enterprise, or die with nobility; the writer of his epitaph thought it worth describing these events in the language and form of heroic verse. To take a couple of examples out of many. At Sjörup, Skâne, is a memorial stone, perhaps of the eleventh century, set up by a man after his félagi (a word which, in this context, I take to mean'comrade-in-arms'). The primary record, set in an outerband of runes, is simple description: 'Saxi put up this stone in memory of his comrade Asbjorn, Tóki's son'. Within this is a second band of runes, comprising two lines of verse which show why Asbjorn needed and deserved commemoration: Sárfló eigi at Upsalumen va meó hann vápn hafdi* 'He did not run at Uppsala, but fought while he could hold weapons.' The significance of this example is that, to recount a heroic deed, its verse uses a form of words that must have been traditional in heroic poetry. The Norse en vámeó hann vápn hafdi gives the parallel to the Old English heroic formula pa hwile pe hi (he) wœpna wealdan moston(moste), 'as long as they (he) could wield weapons', used of the doomed English defiance to the invaders in the poem of As on the Söderby, Uppland, Sweden, rune-stone (L. Musset, Introduction à larunologie (Paris, 1965), p. 392). The stone was a memorial to Helgi whom Sasur killed,'and he did a nióingsverk—betrayed his comrade.'4 L. Jacobsen and E. Moltke, Danmarks runeindskrifier (Kobenhavn, 1941-2), text,cols. 332-4. The last line of verse is variously divided into its separate words, but this does not affect the argument...

....The man who put up this stone in Skâne looked upon his slaughteredfriend in the same way: as one who had perished in valiant resistance, refusing the easy option of flight. We are not surewhat this battle at Uppsala was, and it may have been a sordid little skirmish; but here it has become a great and heroic Viking adventure."

~excerpt from 'A Most Vile People': Early English Historians on the Vikings, by R. I. Page

"From Atheist to Heathen in three very shaky steps..."

First posted onto my other blog (http://5threplicant.livejournal.com) in 2009.

So, as promised, a post about my turn to the dark side (or spiritual shift toward paganism, if you prefer). Sorry for the belated nature of this post, but this is stuff that I am still not entirely sure about. Cardinal sin as it seems to be with some pagans, I am still very much the cynic and hold dear some very humanist opinions.

Until a relatively short (in the scheme of things) while ago, I was a very strong atheist and cynic. Never quite managing full on physicalist/materialist (I could never quite agree that 'the physical' was *all* there was), I nevertheless scoffed at those who believed in/had faith in (( insert your deity here )) and was rarely comfortable hanging with the more flighty faeriegoths or fluffy pagans. You know the kind. Those people for whom the world is all spirits and energies and whose idea of spirituality is based way too heavily on the re-runs of Buffy they've watched.

For me, existentialism had been as close as I got toward any kind of personal philosophy. If divinity did exist, then it was within us, rather than external. The most 'fluffy' I ever got was reading about Jung's concept of the collective unconscious. I was hardly going to be embracing David Icke any time soon, trust me.

Then a few things happened which looks to be changing all that. Firstly, in a discussion with one of my more 'fluffy' but still very intelligence mates, she made a point which caused a door in my mind to swing just slightly ajar for a moment. Nothing major, no epiphanies, revelations, unravelling of my mind or trumpets sounding or anything. Maybe a BBC Sound Effects department-style creak to announce said opening. More comedic than inspiring, really.

Secondly, another of my friends who I had a deal of respect for announced his becoming a heathen (or I think the term he used was Odinist - there are lot of words for essentially the same thing, each carrying with it a certain amount of baggage and no-one seems quite sure what the collective should really be called anyway). This, again, was no inspiring moment, but did perhaps plant a little seed. It made me aware, not just that heathenry existed (I knew that already) but gave me a little knowledge of what it's modern manifestation is about.

Finally, while I was living in Sweden I had perhaps the closest thing I have ever had to an epiphany or a spiritual experience. While out and about (which was often the case back then as even city areas in Sweden are usually surrounded by the most gloriously beautiful nature) I had a strong feeling of divinity. This time external to me and all around me. Somehow connected both to myself and the land. Call it just simply being awestruck at the beauty of nature, if you like. That was certainly a part of it. As was a sense of history and of the generations of my ancestors (who more than likely hailed from somewhere in Scandinavia) stretching back into the dimness of time, feeling the same things as me and all being connected.

Again, not as cataclysmic an event as I am, perhaps, painting with these words now. Very actual were these feelings, but very understated. And, over the following months, I got more and more of a sense of a change in perspective and my 'spiritual alignment' (for want of a less fluffy word). Additionally, around this time, I began to experience 'waking dreams'. First of all dreaming a giant spider in my bed - a hallucination which remained for a few seconds after I awoke. Something that shit me up and no mistake, I can tell you! Other such hallucinations have occured since, and all around waking/going to sleep. Perhaps a sign of my imagination gaining influence over me once more. Or perhaps simply a reflection of the fact I'd been thinking about symbols and spiritual beings much more than previously and so my mind (being what it is) took license to go apeshit for a bit.

So now, I find myself reconciling the two sides of myself. The cynic and the dreamer. Always the two major sides to my character, the shift now seems to be that I am listening more to the dreamer where my beliefs are concerned. Still, though, I am reticent to lose that cynical part of me. I still feel uncomfortable with fluffy pagans and prefer the company of other 'cynics with their doors ajar' such as myself. Having people tell me I am not really a pagan cos I don't believe in actual divine entities just makes me more and more cynical, to be honest. Theatening regression if truth be told. But I feel my version of heathenry allows me to incorporate its values and lessons into my life without having to insist that the gods are actual people watching us like bloody gormless reality tv fans. You'd think gods'd have better things to do than watch us make tits of ourselves!?

Inspiration and self improvement

I've been meditating on the gods (specifically Tyr and his rune) with the aim of helping me improve my discipline.  I have wanted to do this to help me stick to a training regime that will help my baguazhang classes and generally improve my health and fitness.  In turn, I hope, that will help me be a better father as I grow older and increase my ability to protect my family.  All good stuff, I'm sure whatever readers (if any) that this blog might enjoy would agree on that.

And, despite my lack of convicition regarding the existence of those same gods (or, at least, what form they take), I am finding that it works.  I can rationalise this by accepting what I am doing as a form of self hypnosis - but what does it matter if I involve gods (imaginary or otherwise) in improving myself?  Especially if the improvements themselves are considerable - as I hope to find they will be in this case.

Neopaganism has room for atheists, agnostics, animists and all kinds of others who differ from the traditional theist/polytheist demographic.  If I later find that gods do actually exist, then I am sure they will forgive me being a touch skeptical in the beginning.  If not, do I really want to associate with any being, no matter how powerful or influencial in my life, if all they want is for me to believe unquestioningly?